西藏错那县种子植物区系及资源特征分析

摘要

【目的】了解西藏错那县的植物区系和植物资源特征，为该地的植物多样性保护和植物资源可持续利用提供科学参考依据。【方法】通过野外实地调查，结合历史资料，利用植物区系地理学及植物资源学方法，对错那县种子植物区系及植物资源特征进行了分析。【结果】①该区共有种子植物106科416属874种，表现出丰富的植物资源，主要以药用、观赏、食用和材用4类为主，开发利用价值高。②科属组成中，23个优势科（≥10种）占该区域所有植物科属的66.83%和73.91%；而属的组成优势不明显，以单型属或少型属为主。③错那县植物区系成分在科的水平上主要以泛热带和北温带分布为主；属水平上则以温带成分占优势，特有成分少。④聚类分析和主成分分析表明，错那与色季拉山的植物区系关系密切，是东喜马拉雅植物区系的重要组成部分。【结论】温、热带区系成分在科、属水平的差异表明，温带成分在区系近期发育形成过程中的重要影响与青藏高原的隆升相符，是西藏植物区系不可或缺的一部分；同时丰富的植物资源需要得到更高的关注度。%Objective]This study aimed to investigate the composition and characteristics of seed plant flora in Cuona County, Tibet, providing information for the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable utilization of plant resources in this region.[Method]Field surveys and historical records were used to analyze the floristic composition and resource characteristics of seed plants,following the methods of floristic geography and plant resources.[Results]①In this region,we found 106 families, 416 genera with a total of 874 species,implying abundant plant resources of high values for medicine, horticulture,food and timber. ②At the family level,23 dominant families(with at least 10 species for each)were identified,making up 66.83% and 73.91% of the total genera and species in this region, respectively. However,there was no dominant genus as most genera consisted of only one or a few species for each. ③Pantropic and North Temperate were the dominant elements at the family level,while temperate elements dominated at the genus level with few endemic genera. ④Cluster and principal analyses showed that the flora of Cuona County had a strong relationship with the flora of Shegyla Mountain, both of which were important components of the flora in eastern Himalaya.[Conclusion]The differences of temperate and tropical elements between family and genus level indicate the temperate elements may play an important role during the recent flora formation, consistent with the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The flora of Cuona County is an indispensable part of Tibetan flora,and it requires more attention for its abundant plant resources.