除草剂配施对机械旱直播稻田杂草控制及稻谷产量的影响

摘要

[目的]为了明确机械旱直播下除草剂配施对稻田杂草控制及稻谷产量的影响.[方法]以杂交籼稻F优498为试材,设置播后2 d喷施丙草胺(C1)和丁草胺(C2)2种土壤除草剂处理与4叶期不同的茎叶除草剂配施处理,研究其对机械旱直播稻田杂草、水稻群体质量和稻谷产量,以及土壤除草剂残留的影响,并探讨分析除草剂配施的经济效益差异.[结果]结果表明,机械旱直播下,喷施土壤除草剂C2处理杂草数量显著低于C1处理,且C2处理利于拔节期、抽穗和结实期干物质累积和叶面积指数(LAI)的提高,促进最终稻谷产量的显著增加,进而提高效益.各土壤除草剂下,喷施五氟磺草胺处理(S4)控草最优,其次为喷施氰氟草酯处理(S3),二氯喹啉酸(S1)和苄嘧磺隆(S2)处理效果差,尤其S4处理能不同程度的提高抽穗和成熟期干物质累积和LAI,进而促使稻谷产量均显著高于其他处理,并显著降低除草剂土壤残留量.[结论]该试验条件下,播前用灭生性除草剂(41%草甘膦异丙铵盐)基础上,播种后2 d施用丁草胺和四叶期喷施五氟磺草胺除草剂的配施,能防除直播田节节菜、稗草、千金子等绝大多数杂草,提高抽穗和成熟期干物质累积量,并保持抽穗至成熟期较高的LAI,是机械旱直播水稻高产的重要原因,为本研究控草增产增效最佳的除草剂配施处理,可实现高产与高效的同步提高.%[Objective]In order to clarify effects of different herbicides combined application on weed control and grain yield under mechanical dry direct-seeding rice.[Method]The indica hybrid rice F you 498 was used to investigate two herbicides(pretilachlor,C1and butachor,C2)in soil two days after seeding and four herbicides(quinclorac,S1,bensulfuron-methyl S2,cyhalofop-buty S3,and penoxsulam,S4)in stem-leaves after 4thleaf emerged on weed control in rice field,rice population quality,grain yield,residues of different herbicide in soil,and explores and analyzes the economic efficiency differences.[Result]The results showed that there were lower weed populations under C2treatments than under C1 treatments,and C2treatments also significantly promoted dry matter accumulation and leaf area index (LAI)at elongation,heading and mature stage,thereby efficiently increased grain yield and economic benefit. Combine with C1and C2,the S4treatment performed the best on weed inhibition and reduce herbicide residue in soil,and significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and LAI at heading and maturing stage,and grain yield,followed by S3,the treatment effect of S1and S2is poor.[Conclusion]Under our experimental conditions,based on the using of 41% sodium glycoside before seeding,butachlor application two days after seeding combine with S4spraying after 4thleaf emerged was the best model in this paper referred as herbicides combined application under mechanical dry direct-seeding rice,which could efficiently inhibit rotalaindica,banyard,sprangletop and other weeds growth,increase the dry matter accumulation at heading and maturing stage,and maintain the higher LAI from heading to mature stage as well as promoted high yield and high efficiency.