淹水条件下水肥处理对竹叶花椒幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

摘要

[目的]了解不同水肥处理竹叶花椒耐涝特性,以制定合理的水肥管理措施提高竹叶花椒耐涝性.[方法]以竹叶花椒为试验材料,采用四因素四水平正交试验设计(田间持水量:20%、40%、60%和80%,氮肥:0、75、150、300 kg N/hm2、磷肥0、30、60、120 kg P2O5/hm2,钾肥0、75、150、300 kg K2O/hm2),通过水肥处理盆栽90 d后测定淹水0、1、3、5 d后植株叶片抗氧化酶活性和外观表型及排水后植株恢复情况,并运用隶属函数法进行各水肥处理植株耐涝性综合评价.[结果]在淹水胁迫过程中,T12处理植株叶片受害程度最轻,耐涝性最强;T8、T9、T10、T11和T12处理排水后期可恢复正常生长,而其余处理植株均死亡.淹水胁迫期间,各水肥耦合植株叶片SOD活性呈上升趋势;POD和CAT活性呈先上升后下降趋势,最大值出现在淹水第3天;MDA含量呈逐渐增加趋势.[结论]耐涝性综合值随田间持水量(FWC)及氮、磷和钾施用量的增加呈先增加后下降趋势,估算出在63%FWC、275 kg N/hm2、95 kg P2O5/hm2和275 kg K2O /hm2水肥管理条件下植株可获得较高的耐涝性综合值.合理的土壤水分含量和N、P、K肥料施用量是提高竹叶花椒耐涝性的关键.%[Objective]The objective of this study was to understand the waterlogging tolerance of Z.ar-matum under different water and fertilizer treatments.The better management of water and fertilizer were selected to improve waterlogging tolerance of Z.armatum.[Method]A pot experiment with orthogonal de-sign of four factors(water,N,P and K)was used in this study to explore the antioxidant enzyme activities and apparent phenotype of Z.armatum for 0 d,1 d,3 d,5 d waterlogging stress and plant recovery after drainage. Four factors were water,N,P and K fertilizers,respectively. Water levels included 20%, 40%,60% and 80% field water capacity(FWC);both N and P fertilizer application rate was 0,75,150 and 300 kg/hm2,respectively;P fertilizer application rate was 0,30,60 and 120 kg/hm2,respectively.A subordinate function was applied to comprehensively evaluate the waterlogging resistance of the pants under different water and fertilizer treatments.[Result]Under waterlogging conditions,Z. armatum seedlings in the T12had the least damage and the most resistance to waterlogging.After the drainage,T8,T9,T10, T11and T12treatments recovered the normal growth and the rest of treated plants died.During waterlogging stress,both SOD and MDA in leaves increased and both POD and CAT in leaves first increased and then decreased. The maximum value was observed in the 3rd day in all water and fertilizer treatments.[Conclusion]The comprehensive value of waterlogging resistance in leaf firstly increased and then de-creased with increasing N,P,K fertilization and it exhibited best under the conditions of 63%FWC,275 kg/hm2of N,95 kg/hm2of P2O5and 275 kg/hm2of K2O.The appropriate soil water content and N,P and K fertilizer application is important to improve the waterlogging tolerance of'Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'.