深海载人潜水器耐压球壳的接触有限元分析

摘要

A deep manned submersible plays an important role in the exploration of ocean mineral resources and studies of deep sea science, such as hydrothermal vents study, geophysics as well as geochemistry. In the development of the deep manned submersible, the safety of the manned spherical pressure hull is of the most concern. Based on the characteristics of the manned spherical pressure hull in the submersible,the authors think that there are contact problems in the locations of the access hatch and three viewports.Contact finite element analysis should be used rather than ordinary finite element analysis by assuming that there is no sliding. In this paper, the essential theory of contact problems is introduced together with the numerical technology, i.e. search strategy, the final equations and their algorithms. The contact problems of a deep sea spherical hull are analyzed by using the finite element method. On the basis of stress-strain analysis results, the effect of the friction coefficient on the stress distribution of contacting parts is studied. Moreover,the compatibility of stress is found in the access hatch substructure and viewports substructure. The rationality of view ports design in this spherical hull is also verified by means of analyzing the compatibility of defor mation between contacting parts.%深海载人潜水器在海洋资源勘察和深海科学研究如热液喷口研究、地球物理和地球化学等方面发挥越来越重要的作用.在载人潜水器的研制过程中,载人耐压球壳的安全性最受关注.基于对载人耐压球壳特点的分析,作者认为在出入舱口和三个观察窗部分严格来说是接触问题,应该采用接触有限元分析的方法而不是通过假定没有滑动采用传统的有限元分析.本文对接触问题的基本理论以及数值技术如搜索策略、最终的方程和算法等进行了介绍.然后采用有限元方法对一个深海载人耐压球壳的接触问题进行了分析.基于应力应变的分析结果,对摩擦系数对接触区应力分布的影响也进行了研究.分析发现在出入舱口和三个观察窗部分应力是协调的.通过对观察窗附近两种不同材料的变形协调分析也验证了观察窗设计的合理性.