探究直接成分分析法对特殊语言结构的处理

摘要

Immediate Constituent Analysis ( IC Analysis) is one of the theories syntactic analyzing in American struc- ture linguistics. It has strong analyzing power; however, it can not tackle some special linguistic structures well. Ac- cordingly,this paper probes into how to use IC analysis to approach such special linguistic constructions as idiomatic expressions, non-consecutive constructions, double-object forms, Verb + Object + Complement forms, concurrent components in Chinese, and interrogative sentences. Meanwhile, suggestions on further researches concerned are pro- posed:during IC analysis, to enhance its analytical power, the tightness of IC's connection should be interpreted from multi-perspectives;IC can not be merely judged by constructions themselves,but degree of their connection tightness; the category of IC should be enlarged;and contextual and functional factors ought to be taken into account.%直接成分分析法（IC分析法）是美国结构语言学重要句法分析理论之一。但是它在显示自身强大分析力的同时,对某些特殊语言结构的处理却显得力不从心。在坚持二元划分的原则和替换性理据前提下,探究了运用此法分析特殊语言结构（熟语成语、非连续结构、双宾结构、动宾补结构、并列结构、汉语中的兼语结构、疑问句等）的方法。为增强IC分析法的分析力,IC分析时不能单纯依据分析对象的结构本身,应从多角度分析和看待成分间的紧密程度,且IC成分的判定不应单纯依据其出现的位置,而是更多地依据成分间的紧密程度,适度扩大＂最终成分＂的范畴,同时考虑其语境和功能因素。