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不同坡形坡度径流量产生规律的试验研究

         

摘要

In order to get reasonable allocating measures of water and soil conservation, as well as the effective governance of water loss and soil erosion caused by runoff erosion of slopes, the slope runoff regularity was studied by simulating rainfall on 4 different slope shapes (convex slope, concave slope, straight slope, concave straight slope) and 3 grades (5°,10°,15°) under 3 rainfall intensity (0.64, 1.05, 1.52 mm·min-1). The study involved a total of 36 types of combinations and 36 rainfalls with a method of non-replication comprehensive experiment. The results from three factors analysis of variance, showed that the amount of runoff was greatly influenced by slope shapes, grades and rainfall intensity. The influence of slope shapes on runoff was as concave slope>convex slope>concave straight slope>straight slope.The interaction between the two of the three factors also had significantly different degrees of influence on the amount of runoff. And the interactions, not only between grades and rainfall intensity but also between slope and grades, were all significant at level 0.01. The interaction between slope and grades is significant at level 0.05. Because the results did not fit the normal distribution, a logarithmic transformation method was adopted to get data fitting the normal distribution, and a nonlinear regression equation (y=e1.9009-0.2108x1-0.4195x2-0.0879x3+0.0657podu+1.6773yuqiang), between the amount of runoff and different slope shapes written as dummy variables, grades and rainfall intensity was established. The variance analysis result of significance test of the regression equation was that F=306.97, probability values 坡形和雨强交互作用,坡形和坡度交互作用对径流量影响显著;由于实验结果不服从正态分布,采用对数变换法得到服从正态分布的数据,采用哑变量处理不同坡形问题,建立了径流量和坡形、坡度、雨强的非线性回归

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