萱草多倍体诱导及其鉴定

摘要

以萱草愈伤组织为试材进行了同源多倍体的诱导和鉴定研究.结果表明,采用浸泡法(用0.100％秋水仙素培养8h)和混培法(用0.005％秋水仙素培养15h)均可获得多倍体高诱导率,并成功地获得了四倍体萱草植株;用流式细胞仪进行萱草倍性鉴定,与根尖染色体鉴定结果一致;与二倍体萱草相比,四倍体植株矮小,茎基部较粗壮,叶片较宽,叶边呈不规则卷曲、褶皱,叶片气孔密度小,生长较缓慢,其染色体数(2n =4x=44)为二倍体植株的2倍(2n=2x =22).结果建立了高效的萱草多倍体诱导体系.%In this study,the induction and identification of the homologous polyploid Hemerocallis fulva was carried out with the materials of callus.The results indicated that the soaking method of 0.10％ colchicine treating the materials for 8 h and the mixing method of 0.005％ colchicine treating the materials for 15 h showed high induction rate,and the tetraploid plants were successfully obtained.The identification of chromosome was performed with flow cytometry,whose results were consistent with those using apical chromosome identification method.Compared with the diploid plants,the tetraploid plants were smaller and growed slowly,which had thicker stem base,wider leaves,irregularly curly and plicate leaf edges,and the density of the stomata on leaves were smaller.The chromosome in tetraploid plants (2n =4x =44)was twice of the number in diploid plants (2n =2x =22).An efficient polyploid induction system was established in this study.