Time allocation structure of labor is related to his individual and family welfare . Housework time configuration is also affected by the nature of work and related characteristics , and there are differences in this effect structure owing to gender difference and urban-rural back‐ground .By CHNS survey ,this paper makes a comparative study and comes to the conclusions as follow s :firstly ,higher average education levels of market practitioners lead to a reduction in fe‐male domestic burdens ,but an increase in male housework time configuration ,resulting in more equality of sexual division of labor within the family ;secondly ,higher average income of market practitioners leads to a reduction in male housework time but an increase in female housework time;thirdly ,labor market flexibility of working hours plays a stronger time constraint role in urban labor’s engagement in domestic work than rural labor ;fourthly ,the income increase re‐sults in a reduction in housework time of rural labor ,but has no significant effect on the house‐work time of urban labor .It places emphasis on the different effects of work characteristics from two perspectives of gender and economic & social backgrounds on housework time configuration , and has important reference for the path of promoting gender equality and urban-rural welfare e‐qualization .%劳动力的时间配置结构关系到个人及其家庭的福利，家务时间的配置又受到工作性质与特征的影响，且这种影响因性别差异和城乡背景在效应结构上存在差别。文章利用CHNS的调查数据进行了比较，结果发现：从事的工作中平均学历越高，会减轻女性的家务负担，但增加了男性的家务时间配置，家庭内部的性别分工更趋平等；从事的工作中平均收入越高，男性会减少家务时间，但女性却会增加家务时间；工作时间的灵活性对于城镇劳动力从事家务劳动的“时间约束”要强于农村劳动力；收入提高会促使农村劳动力减少家务时间，但对城镇劳动力的影响不明显。文章强调了工作特征在性别和经济社会背景两个维度下影响家务时间配置的不同机制，对于探索促进性别平等和城乡福利均等化的路径有重要的参考意义。
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