School of Electrical and Information Engineering、Guangxi Key Laboratory of Auto Parts and Vehicle Technology;
Guangxi University of Science and Technology;
Liuzhou 545006;
Guangxi;
China;
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering;
South China University of Technology;
Guangzhou 510641;
China;
unmanned vehicles; path tracking; harsh driving conditions; cascade control; improved gray wolf optimization algorithm; backpropagation neural network;