在建设社会主义的指导思想和理论基础上，苏联模式社会主义以马克思恩格斯所论述的共产主义第一阶段的社会主义思想为指导，脱离了国情，违背了社会发展规律；中国特色社会主义坚持和发展马克思主义，以社会主义初级阶段理论为总依据，符合中国实际和时代特征，揭示了落后国家建设社会主义的规律。在社会主义发展道路和战略上，苏联具有明显的备战色彩，主要以国家独立、安全和对外扩张为目标，没有实现经济社会全面发展，更没有做到国强民富；中国对内以人为本，以经济建设为中心，大力改善民生，以建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家为目标，对外奉行和平外交政策，走上了科学发展之路。在社会主义基本制度和体制模式上，苏联模式社会主义没有处理好坚持基本制度与改革具体体制的关系，长期不改革，最后的结果是从根本上放弃了社会主义制度；中国在坚持社会主义基本制度前提下，深刻改革体制机制上的弊端，初步建立起充满生气活力、利于发展的体制模式。苏联模式社会主义与中国特色社会主义是现实社会主义发展进程中的两个阶段、两种不同形态，二者有继承关系，但又有重大区别。%On the basis of the guiding ideology and theory for constructing socialism,the Soviet Model of Socialism departs from its national conditions,transcends different stages,and violates the laws of social development under the guidance of socialism as the first stage of communism put forward by Marx and En-gels;while Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,with the primary stage of socialism as the general ba-sis,insists on and develops Marxism,in accordance with Chinese practice and characteristics of the times ,thus revealing the rules for constructing socialism in backward countries. As to the road of socialist development,the former bears obvious characteristics of war,with national independence,and security and foreign expansion as the goal,thus achieving neither economic or social development;whereas the latter,with economic construction as the center in a people-oriented way,improves the peopleˊs liveli-hood with a prosperous democratic civilization and harmonious country as the goal,and pursues a peace-ful foreign policy to promote world peace and development,and embarks on the road of scientific develop-ment. In the socialist basic system and system model,the former has put into practice no reform for a long time,and has finally abandoned socialism.(原译:In the socialist basic system and system model, the former has failed to handle the relationship between the basic system and concrete system,has put in-to practice no reform for a long time,and has finally abandoned socialism;)however,the latter insists on the basic system of socialism,profoundly reforms the drawbacks of the system and mechanism;it not only adheres to the socialist orientation,but also initially establishes a system model full of vitality and condu-cive to the system development. These are the two stages and forms of socialist realism in the development process. That is,the two are of an inherent relationship between them,but are significantly different from each other as well.
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