寒旱环境4种草本和灌木植物耐盐性试验研究

摘要

选取4种适宜于西宁盆地及其周边地区生长的老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus Linn.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim.)作为供试种,采用室内种植方式进行0、30、60、90、120 mmol/L 5种浓度的Na2SO4溶液胁迫试验.研究4种植物地茎(径)、株高、干重等生长指标及地上和地下部分Na+、K+、Ca2、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-6种易溶盐离子含量,探讨4种植物的耐盐性特征.结果表明:盐胁迫对4种植物的生长具有一定抑制效应,其地茎(径)、株高、干重均逐渐降低,其中盐胁迫条件下对老芒麦的抑制作用相对较为显著,其次为垂穗披碱草、霸王和柠条锦鸡儿;随着胁迫浓度增加,4种植物地上和地下部分Na+和SO2-含量显著增加,而K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-含量呈逐渐降低;柠条锦鸡儿地上部分K+/Na+值相对较高,为0.73 ～9.70,其次为霸王和垂穗披碱草,为0.46～8.35和0.45 ～7.57,老芒麦相对较低,为0.25 ～6.12,表明区内4种植物耐盐性由大至小依次为柠条锦鸡儿、霸王、垂穗披碱草、老芒麦.研究结果对于西宁盆地及其周边地区开展利用植物有效防治土地盐渍化具有理论指导意义.%Four species (Elymus sibiricus Linn.,Elymus nutans Griseb.,Caragana korshinskii Kom.and Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim.) which are adaptive to the growing condition of the Xining Basin and the surrounding areas were taken as the tests species.Salt stress tests with Na2SO4 solution with the concentration gradient of 0,30,60,90 and 120 mmol/L were applied to the four species which were planted indoor.By determining the basal diameter (rhizome diameter),plant height and dry weight and six ion (Na +,K +,Ca2 +,Mg2 +,Cl-and SO42-) content in above-ground parts and under-ground parts of the four species,salt-tolerance properties of the four species have been investigated.The results indicate ex hibits growth of the four species is depressed to some extent by salt stress,and basal diameter (rhizome/ diameter),plant height and dry weight decline gradually.And the depression on E.sibiricusis stressed by Na2SO4 solution is relatively significant,followed by E.nutans,Z.xanthoxylon and C.korshinskii.With the solution concentration rising,content of Na + and SO42-in both the above and underground parts of the four species increase significantly,whereas the content of the other ions (K +,Ca2 +,Mg2 + and Cl-) exhibit declining trend.And ion content ratio of K + to Na + for above-ground parts of C.korshinskii is relatively larger,increasing from 0.73 to 9.70,followed by Z.xanthoxylon and E.nutans,increasing from 0.46 and 0.45 to 8.35 and 7.57 respectively.Ion content ratio of K + to Na + for above-ground parts of E.sibiricus is relatively less,increasing from 0.25 to 6.12,which means the salt tolerance capacities for the four species from strong to weak are C.korshinskii,Z.xanthoxylon,E.nutans and E.sibiris.The results show theoretically instructive significance in effectively implementing measurements in salinized land reclamation by vegetation in the Xining Basin and the surround regions.