纳入偏好异质性的石羊河流域生态服务恢复价值评估

摘要

Evaluations connect ecosystem and human welfare to achieve restoration. There have been an increasing number of studies conducted on various ecosystem service assessments, but little research has focused on inland river basins playing a critical role in development in northwestern China. The distinct differences in natural endowment, socioeconomic characteristics among the upper, middle and downstream inland river basin require heterogeneity during evaluation. The objective of this study was to verify the existence of population preference heterogeneity and examine impact factors using choice experiment surveys in the Shiyang River Basin, China. A mixed logit model using data from 714 households across the entire basin estimated mean wilingness to pay and the standard deviation for ecological attributes. Ordinary least squares (OLS) was employed to estimate the effects of exogenous variables on all willingness to pay estimations. The results demonstrate that ecosystem service values are heterogeneous among people. Willingness to pay is affected by personal and regional characteristics. Government involvement wil be required to seek differentiated ecosystem services values among populations and facilitate public support.%由于可以将生态系统与人类福祉相连起来,价值评估成为生态恢复政策分析的重要工具.近些年来,已有不少针对不同类型的生态系统服务的评估研究.相对而言,针对西北地区内陆河流域生态的关注与研究较少.内陆河流域对于干旱半干旱的西北地区可持续发展具有举足轻重的作用;而且内陆河流域的上、中、下游间截然不同的生态、经济与社会条件,在价值评估中需要考虑异质性问题.本研究以石羊河为实证案例,运用流域上、中、下游选择试验调研的714份有效住户数据,通过混合logit模型回归获得了流域生态系统服务的支付意愿均值和支付意愿标准差;运用最小二乘法(OLS)测算了外生变量对各个生态服务支付意愿的影响及程度.研究证明:内陆河流域生态系统服务价值存在异质性,而且异质性同时受到个体特征和地域特征的影响.因此,相关内陆河流域生态政策中,需要纳入生态系统价值及异质性,这将有助于政策获得公众的支持.