基于河湖水系连通的流域水系健康评价新思路

摘要

河湖水系连通作为新时代国家治水方略被提出,成为科学界的一个研究焦点.通过河湖连通关系的类型、"量质交换"、诸动态"流"和生态功能的讨论,提出基于河湖连通关系的河流健康评价的一个新思路.认为在健康的河湖连通系统中,河湖之间存在着良性的"量质交换",它是河湖之间最基本的物质和能量交换关系;河湖之间的物质流(水、溶解物质、泥沙、生物,污染物等)、能量流(水位、流量、流速等)、信息流(随水流、生物和人类活动而产生的信息流动等)和价值流(航运、发电、饮用和灌溉等)畅通无阻;诸种"流"在自然和人类活动的影响下,以河湖水系连通为纽带,进行河湖之间的"量质交换",实现河湖相互作用;"量质交换"是河湖连通关系演变的途径和动力源泉;良性的河湖连通关系演化最终趋于相对稳定状态,即动态平衡.%Interconnected river system networks is a national water conservancy strategy in China and focus of research. Here we discuss the classification system, material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes, various dynamic flows and ecological functions of river-lake interconnected relationships. We then propose a novel method for the health assessment of river systems based on interconnected water system networks. In a healthy river system there is "material and energy exchange" and it is the first and foremost relationship of material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes. There are unobstructed various "flows" between rivers and lakes including material flows (water, dissolved substances, sediments, organisms and contaminants), energy flows (water levels, flow and flow velocity), information flows (information generated with water flows, organisms and human activities) and value flows (shipping, power generation, drinking and irrigation). Under the influences of na-ture and human activity, various flows are connected by river-lake interconnection to carry material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes to achieve river-lake interactions. The material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes become one of the approaches and the direct driving forces of changes in river-lake interconnected relationships. The benignant changes in river-lake interconnected relationship tend to be in relatively steady state and in ideal dynamic balance.