孕早期妊娠期压力水平及相关影响因素

摘要

Objective To understand the pregnant women in early pregnancy, the pressure source and the main influencing factors, and provide a theoretical basis for the stress management training, alleviate the pressure of pregnant women.Methods By using the convenient sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 270 pregnant women, the questionnaire including general social information, the pregnancy stress scale and the social support rating scale.Results The 270 subjects in 256 pregnant women in early pregnancy with mild pressure, 14 moderate pressure existed, the primary source of stress was caused to ensure that the mother and child health and safety pressure", the influence factors of stress in pregnancy are:singleton, place of residence, work satisfaction of learning effect, a day of sleep cases (P<0.05).Conclusions Pregnant women in early pregnancy exist generally mild stress in pregnancy, the source of the pressure is mainly for the fear of maternal and child health and safety caused by pressure, can use a stress management strategy to take some positive measures to cope with the pressure source, the pressure control at a reasonable level, to help pregnant women get through pregnancy and childbirth, effectively promote maternal and child health.%目的：了解孕妇妊娠早期的压力水平、来源及主要影响因素，为压力管理训练、缓解孕妇压力提供理论依据。方法采用便利抽样方法对270名孕早期妇女进行问卷调查，问卷包括一般社会资料、妊娠压力量表和社会支持评定量表。结果270名研究对象中256名孕妇孕早期有轻度压力，14名存在中度压力，主要压力源是“为确保母子健康和安全而引发的压力感”，影响妊娠期压力的因素有：是否独生子女、居住地满意程度、对工作学习的影响、一天睡眠情况（P＜0．05）。结论孕妇在孕早期普遍存在着轻度妊娠期压力，其压力的来源主要为担心母婴健康和安全而引发的压力感，可以使用压力管理策略对压力源采取一些积极应对措施，将压力控制在合理的水平，帮助孕妇顺利度过妊娠期和分娩期，有效的促进母婴健康。