高校新生抑郁焦虑状况及相关因素研究

摘要

目的 探讨高校新入学大学生抑郁焦虑状况及相关因素.方法 对山东某高校185名新生采用自设调查表、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)进行测试,根据SAS评分结果将全体学生分为焦虑组和非焦虑组,再根据SDS评分结果将全体学生分为抑郁组和非抑郁组,再分别与相关因素进行相关分析.结果 新入学大学生抑郁症状和焦虑症状的检出率分别是29.19%和25.41%.抑郁和焦虑症状与家庭经济状况、心理素质、个性倾向、适应能力、平时自信心、平时自尊心、平时意志力等因素有关(χ2=10.45～36.11,P<0.05).焦虑组的SAS评分、抑郁组的SDS评分分别与家庭经济状况、心理素质、个性倾向、适应能力、平时自信心、平时意志力呈正相关(r=0.42～0.58,P<0.05),而与平时自尊心呈负相关(r=-0.49～-0.50,P<0.05).结论 新入学大学生存在较明显的抑郁和焦虑症状,其与家庭经济状况及个性特征等因素有关.%Objective To explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety, as well as its related factors in university freshmen in Shandong province. Methods A total of 185 freshmen were assessed with a self - designed questionnaire,Self- rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self- rating Depression Scale (SDS). They were divided into anxiety group and non - anxiety group according to the score of SAS, as well as depression group and non - depression group according to the score of SDS. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors. Results The prevalence of depression and anxiety in freshmen were 29. 19％ and 25.41％ respectively. The related factors of depression and anxiety in freshmen included family economic status, psychological diathesis, individuality, ability of adaption, level of self- confidence, level of self - esteem and level of self - volition (X2 = 10. 45 ～ 36. 11, P ＜ 0.05 ). The scores of SAS and SDS were both significantly positively related with family economic status, psychological diathesis, individuality,ability of adaption, level of self - confidence, level of self - volition ( r = 0. 42 ～ 0. 58, P ＜ 0. 05) and negatively related with level of self - esteem (r = - 0. 49 ～ - 0. 50, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion There are obvious depression and anxiety in university freshmen, which are related with family economic status and personality of the freshmen.