碳捕获与封存（CCS）技术的法律制度构建探析

摘要

Carbon capture and storage ( CCS) technology is the newest technology of climate change mitiga-tion.CCS has a great advantage in reducing emission of carbon dioxide.The major developed countries adopt CCS technology actively and have achieved great success.Taking advantage of CCS, at the same time we also can not ignore the inherent risks.CCS has both global risks and local risks:the former involves complex international law issues;the latter needs to apply domestic law to prevent and resolve.In order to release these risks, the developed countries have established the legal system of CCS technology, and their experience of law-making and law en-forcement as well as other aspects is worth knowing and referring.We shall find the path from both the macro and micro perspectives to build Chinese legal system of CCS technology.Macroscopically, China shall not only formu-late special law for CCS, but also specify the regulatory regime of the CCS.Microscopically, we shall implement the risk assessment, set the administrative license, and strengthen site management beforehand.Meanwhile we shall clear the liability regime, establish the emergency system and perfect the system of information disclosure and public participation afterwards.Through the implementation of the above paths, we can build a comprehensive le-gal system of CCS technology, which is suitable for the situation of our country.%碳捕获与封存（ CCS）技术是减缓气候变化的一项最新技术。 CCS在减排二氧化碳上具有巨大优势，主要发达国家积极采用该技术，并已取得了一些成功。在看到CCS优势的同时，我们也不能忽视其固有风险。 CCS既有全球性风险，也有地方性风险；前者涉及复杂的国际法问题，后者则要运用国内法予以防范和化解。为了缓释这些风险，发达国家纷纷建立起CCS技术法律制度，其在法律制定和法律实施等方面的经验值得我们了解和借鉴。我国CCS技术法律制度的构建，应当同时从宏观和微观两个视角寻找路径。宏观上，我国不仅应当制定CCS的专门法律，而且应当明确CCS的监管体制。微观上，事前应当落实风险评估、设定行政许可和加强场地管理；事后应当明确责任制度、确立应急制度、完善信息公开和公众参与制度。通过实施以上路径，以期构建一个全面的、适合我国国情的CCS技术法律制度。