生态集约化养分管理对春玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响

摘要

通过两年田间试验,研究了吉林玉米带不同氮素管理措施对春玉米产量、氮素吸收、氮素平衡状况以及经济效益的影响。两年的结果表明：与农民习惯施肥（FP）相比,生态集约化养分管理措施（EI）在减少氮肥用量28%的情况下,并未影响作物的产量和氮素吸收,而其氮素回收率,农学效率,偏生产力和经济效益却分别提高了48.1%、56.9%、43.8%和11.0%;第一年不施氮肥第二年补施氮肥不会影响第二年春玉米产量和氮肥利用率。在氮素输出项中,EI处理两季作物氮素总表观损失仅为97 kg/hm2,而FP处理高达226 kg/hm2。因此,在考虑高产的基础上兼顾保护环境的要求,基于氮肥农学效率、作物目标产量和作物施肥反应的生态集约化养分管理措施是一种较为理想的氮素管理措施。%It was investigated that different nitrogen managements affected crop yield, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen balance and net profit of spring maize production in two years＇ field experiment in Jilin maize belt. The results showed that compared with famers＇ practice （FP）, the grain yield and nitrogen uptake under ecological intensification nutrient management （EI） which reducing N fertilizer by 28% were not decreased while the recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen and net profit were increased by 48.1% , 56. 9% ,43.8% and 11.0% , respectively. The grain yield and nitrogen utilization have no significant effect in the second year when no nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the first year. Apparent nitrogen loss of EI and FP in two crops was 97 and 226 kg/ha, respectively. The nitrogen management based on agronomic efficiency of fertilizer, crop target yield and the response of crop to fertilizer application could be a feasible N management practice for both high yield production and environmental protection.