论南极条约体系关于南极争端的解决机制

摘要

The Antarctic Treaty passed in 1959 does not fundamentally solve the problem of the legal status of the Antarctica,but its Article 4 has frozen the Antarctic territorial claims from different coun-tries,and gradually moderated the Antarctic territorial disputes.Since 1959,the Antarctic Treaty System has gradually formed,and provided a legal basis for different countries to carry out their Antarctic activi-ties.However,when the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was signed and took into force in 1982,it did not clarified its relation with the Antarctic Treaty System.For this reason,Antarctic dis-putes can arise not only due to the interpretation or application of some documents of the Antarctic Treaty System,but also due to the claims to Antarctic territorial waters,exclusive economic zones or continental selves from some countries.This paper will analyze the principles and means of the Antarctic Treaty Sys-tem to solve disputes in the Antarctica and make some suggestions to improve the dispute settlement provi-sions of the Antarctic Treaty System in Antarctic disputes.%《南极条约》没有从根本上解决南极的法律地位,但其第4条冻结了各国的南极领土要求,使各国关于南极领土的争端逐渐缓和并搁置下来.从1959年至今,以《南极条约》为核心的南极条约体系逐步建立,为各国南极活动提供了法律依据.但1982年《联合国海洋法公约》的生效和适用,因其没有明确与南极条约体系的关系,使本来平静的南极又动荡起来,各国在南极活动过程中除了可能的关于南极条约体系解释和适用的争端,还潜藏着因南极领土主张国对南极海域主张"领海"、"专属经济区"或"大陆架"引发的争端.本文着重分析南极条约体系对南极争端的解决原则和方法,并提出完善南极条约体系在南极争端解决方面的意见和建议.