The main objectives of this study were to investigate geographic variation in main phenotypic traits and the seedling traits of Machilus thunbergii from nine provenances. Eight phenotypes of leaves, fruits, seeds, and two growth traits were included. Results showed that there were highly significant differences in phenotypic traits such as leaves, fruits and seeds between different provenances. The latitude, annual average temperature, annual average frost-free period and altitude were the main factors affecting the phenotypes of M. thunbergii. The fruit size and 1 000-grain weight were significantly correlated with latitude. However, there was a significant negative correlation between the fruit size, 1 000-grain weight and annual average temperature, annual average frost-free period. Significant differences in seedling height and ground diameter of M. thunbergii were also observed between different provenances. The seedling height and ground diameter were controlled by high heritability. Four superior provenances, Laoshan, Zhoushan, Jiulianshan and Jiulongshan were selected according to seedling height.%为系统揭示红楠主要表型与苗期性状地理种源变异规律,对红楠天然分布区9个种源的果实、叶片和种子的8个主要表型性状,以及苗高、地径2个苗期性状进行分析.结果表明,红楠叶片、果实、种子表型性状在种源间的差异均达到了极显著水平.纬度、年均温、年均无霜期和海拔是影响红楠表型性状的主要因子,其中果实大小、种子质量与纬度呈显著正相关,而与年均温、年均无霜期呈显著负相关.红楠不同种源苗高和地径的差异均达到了极显著水平,并且苗高和地径受较高遗传力控制.以苗高为标准选出崂山、舟山、九连山和九龙山4个优良种源.
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