盐渍土植穴结构控制对海棠生长量的影响1）

摘要

以植穴结构控制（ PHCC）作为盐渍土海棠种植生长环境调控的基本单元，即以植穴袋材料、覆膜材料、填料质量比、填料厚度和补水量作为植穴袋内结构控制因素，以地下水矿化度和土壤质地作为植穴袋外影响因素，并以2年生海棠当年枝生长量作为PHCC对盐胁迫影响成效的表征值，安排均匀试验U12（12×43×33），以探求PHCC各因素对海棠生长量的影响程度。结果表明：其显著性排序由大到小为填料厚度、地下水矿化度、覆膜溶质比（ PVA/VAE/蒙脱石）、土壤质地、填料比、植穴袋材料、补水量；当影响因素确定浅地下水矿化度为3 g · L-1，补水量为5．06 mm/次，土壤质地为轻壤，秸秆、枯枝落叶和木屑的质量比例为2∶1∶1，植穴袋材料为麻袋布，PVA/VAE/蒙脱石的体积比为100∶20∶10，填料厚度为2．0 cm时，可获得当年枝最大干质量7．5339 kg/株的生产量，表明PHCC对盐渍土生态重建有效。%By Planting Hole Composition Control ( PHCC) as the basic units for crabapple trees growth, we regulated the saline soil conditions and selected four internal factors of PHCC including the material for planting-hole bag, the dispensation rati-o of membrane material, the dispensation ratio of filling material and the material thickness as the inside-bag control condi-tions and three external natural conditions including groundwater mineralization, supplementary water capacity and soil tex-ture as the outside-bag influential factors.We chose the annual growth of biennial crabapples (Malus Micromalus) as the measurement of the effectiveness of the PHCC on the saline soil condition and arranged the experiments according to the hybrid uniformity design U12(12×43×33).The influence order of the factors on the growth of crabapples cultivated in the PHmbedded in the saline soil is the thickness of the filling material>the groundwater salinity>the dispensation ratio of membrane material>the soil texture>the dispensation ratio of filling material>the material for planting-hole bag>the supple-mentary water capacity.When the groundwater salinity is 3 g· L-1, the supplementary water capacity is 5.06 mm each time and the soil textureis light loam, the dispensation ratio of straw, litter and sawdust is 2 ∶1 ∶1.When the material used for planting-hole bag is cotton cloth, the proportion of PVA/VAE/montmorillonite is 100 ∶20 ∶10 and the thickness of fillingmaterial is 2.0 cm, the crabapple growth can achieve the maximum increment of 7.533 9 kg/plant.The research shows that the PHCC is effective way on improving saline soil and ecological reconstruction .