生活垃圾微生物接种堆肥水溶性有机物紫外光谱特性研究

摘要

为研究接种高效微生物菌群对堆肥过程的作用，采用紫外-可见光谱技术和数学分析方法，利用生活垃圾，通过好氧堆肥试验，对堆肥过程中水溶性有机物紫外特征参数SUVA254、SUVA280、E2/E4、E2/E6、E4/E6、E300/E400、E250/E365、E235/E203、E253/E220、A226-400、S275-295、S350-400进行研究。结果表明，除E300/E400、S350-400外，其他指标的相关性显著，多个指标联合从堆肥样品DOM的芳构化程度、聚合度及分子质量、腐殖化程度以及苯环上的脂肪链的官能团多个方面有效说明堆肥腐熟情况。接种菌剂的堆体与不接菌剂的对照相比，DOM腐殖化程度、分子缩合度等明显增高。由于微生物菌剂的代谢作用，DOM的组成复杂化趋势相对明显，接种高效微生物菌群，能明显促进堆肥中物质分解转化，缩短堆肥腐熟期，提高堆肥效率。%The effects of high effective complex microbial community (HECMC)in a composting process of municipal solider waste compost were examined. In this study changes in the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were studies during composting of municipal solider waste using UV-Vis absorbance. Typical parameters were measured during 45 days of composting including:SUVA254, SUVA280, E2/E4, E2/E6, E4/E6, E300/E400, E250/E365, E235/E203, E253/E220, A226-400, S275-295, S350-400. There were many indexes can evaluate the maturity of compost, but it was short comprehensive to use single evaluation index, the results showed that every index was correlated with each other. During composting progress the aromatization, humification, degree and molecular weight of the humus substances increased, while the fatty chains linked with the benzene ring structure were cleavage into carbonyl, carboxyl and other functional groups. This HECMC were effective to compose organic matter and speed up composting change into humus. Therefore, adding HECMC greatly influence the rate of organic degradation and was useful to improve composting conditions.