黑土区水稻耗需水过程与产量形成及水分利用的响应关系

摘要

采用U7(76)均匀设计,探索黑土区水稻耗需水过程与产量形成及水分利用响应关系,建立试验区水稻水分生产函数.结果表明,抽穗期耗水量对产量影响最大,乳熟期耗水量影响最低.各时期耗水量对有效穗数影响为:抽穗期＞拔节期＞乳熟期＞分蘖中期＞分蘖后期;各时期耗水量对穂粒数影响为:抽稳期＞拔节期＞乳熟期＞分蘖前期;水稻结实率、千粒重对各时期耗水量响应分别为:拔节期＞抽穗期＞乳熟期＞分蘖后期,抽穗期＞拔节期＞乳熟期＞分蘖后期;抽穗期耗水量对WUE正影响显著高于其他阶段;分蘖后期耗水量对WUE呈负影响.选择Jensen、Blank、Stewart和Singh用于水分生产函数地区性验证,确定和平灌区最佳水分生产函数模型为Jensen,分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期为水稻需水敏感期.研究可为黑土区水稻节水灌溉制度制定提供依据.%Using U7 (76) uniform design,response relationship of rice yield formation and water use efficiency to water consumption in black soil area were explored,the water production function of rice in the experimental area was established.Results showed that the water consumption at the heading stage had the greatest influence on rice yield,while the water consumption at the milky stage had the lowest effect on it.The effect of water consumption in each period on the effective spike number was represented as the heading stage＞ the jointing stage＞ the milky stage＞ the mid-tillering stage＞ the late tillering stage;the effect of water consumption in each period on grains per spike was shown as the heading stage＞ the jointing stage＞ the milky stage＞ the early tillering stage;the response relation of water consumption in each period on seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight were represented respectively as the jointing period＞ the heading stage＞ the milky stage＞ the late tillering stage;the heading stage＞ the jointing stage＞ the milky stage＞ the late tillering stage.The positive effect of water consumption at heading stage on water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly higher than other stages,the late tillering stage showed a negative effect on WUE.Jensen model,Blank model,Stewart model and Singh model were validated in order to clarify the water production function of Heping irrigation area,the Jensen model was identified as the optimal water production function in Heping irrigation area,the mid-tillering stage,the jointing stage and the heading stage were determined as moisture-sensitive period of rice.This research work would provide a basis for making water-saving irrigation system for rice in black soil area.