Objective To analyze the distribution pattern of sensitizing allergens in children with allergic diseases from Foshan.Methods A total of 7 157 children with allergic diseases from Foshan were divided into the infant (aged 0-2.9 years, n=2 591), pre-school age (aged 3-5.9 years, n=3 541) and school age groups (aged 6-14 years, n=1 025).The positive rates of 19 types of aeroallergens and food specific allergens (sIgE) in the serum were detected by Allergy Screen allergen quantitative detection system (MEDIWISS, Germany).The distribution pattern of different allergens among four seasons was analyzed.Results Among 7 157 affected children, 4 666 cases were positive for one or more allergen sIgE. The most common aeroallergens were dust mites (45.07%), dog dander (29%) and cat dander (23.94%). The dominant food allergens included milk (44.51%), chicken egg white (14.81%) and cashew nuts (13.89%). In the infant group, the most common allergens were milk (61.51%), cat dander (38.30%) and dog dander (36.63%), and dust mites (54.27%), milk (40.39%) and dog dander (26.68%) in the pre-school age group, and dust mites (70.34%), dust (23.09%) and milk (20.49%) in the school age group. The positive rates of dust mites and milk significantly differed among different groups (all P <0.017). The distribution pattern of allergens significantly differed among four seasons. The positive rate of dust mites in summer was significantly higher compared with those in the other three seasons, and the positive rate of dog dander in winter was considerably lower than those in the other seasons (all P <0.008). Conclusions House dust mite, milk, dog and cat dander and chicken egg white are the primary allergens in children with allergic diseases from Foshan. The distribution pattern of varying allergens significantly differs based upon age and season.%目的 了解佛山地区过敏性疾病儿童致敏过敏原的分布规律.方法 将佛山地区7 157例过敏性疾病患儿分为婴幼儿组(0~2.9岁)2 591例,学龄前期组(3~5.9岁)3 541例,学龄组(6~14岁)1 025例,采用德国 MEDIWISS 公司的Allergy Screen过敏原检测系统检测其血清中19 种吸入性和食入性过敏原特异性IgE的阳性率,并分析不同过敏原在不同季节的分布规律.结果 在7 157例受试患儿中,共4 666例1项或多项特异性IgE阳性.其中前3位的吸入性过敏原分别为屋尘螨(45.07%)、狗毛皮屑(29%)、猫毛皮屑(23.94%);前3位食入性过敏原分别为牛奶(44.51%)、鸡蛋白(14.81%)、腰果(13.89%).婴儿组前3位过敏原分别为牛奶(61.51%)、猫毛皮屑(38.30%)、狗毛皮屑(36.63%),学龄前期组前3位过敏原分别为屋尘螨(54.27%)、牛奶(40.39%)、狗毛皮屑(26.68%),学龄组前3位过敏原分别为屋尘螨(70.34%)、屋尘(23.09%)、牛奶(20.49%),各年龄组间屋尘螨和牛奶阳性率的比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.017).各季节间过敏原分布不尽相同,夏季的屋尘螨阳性率较其余3个季节高,冬季的狗毛皮屑阳性率较其余3个季节低,比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.008).结论 屋尘螨、牛奶、狗和猫毛皮屑、鸡蛋白是佛山地区儿童过敏性疾病的主要的过敏原,其分布在不同年龄的儿童和季节间存在差异.
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