为评估硬件系统引入的误差对三维声纳成像效果的影响,分析存在随机误差(包括幅相误差、阵元失效)时,主瓣宽度、旁瓣高度、阵增益、波束指向误差的均值并给出样本分布,推导存在串扰时的波束形成公式及分析其影响.通过仿真分析,其结果表明,随机误差对阵增益及成像信噪比影响较大,对主瓣宽度及波束指向精度影响较小.阵增益随随机误差的增大而显著降低,旁瓣高度均值随着随机误差的增大而显著增加,导致三维声纳成像信噪比降低.串扰对测向精度影响较小,对目标强度的测量精度产生较大影响,导致三维声纳成像的对比度会产生失真.%In order to evaluate the influence of errors caused by the hardware system of 3D sonar,this paper analyses the mathematical expectations of main lobe width,side lobe level,array gain,beam direction error and gives the distributions when random errors (including amplitude and phase errors and element failure) exists,deduces the beam forming formula when crosstalk exists and analyses its impact.The simulation results show that the random errors have a great influence on the array gain and imaging SNR of sonar,and the influence of the main lobe width and the beam direction accuracy is small.The array gain is significantly reduced with the increase of random errors,and the mean value of the side lobe level increases with the increase of the random errors,which leads to the decrease of the imaging SNR.The influence of crosstalk on beam direction accuracy is small,which has a great influence on the measurement accuracy of target strength,which leads to the contrast distortion of 3D sonar imaging.
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