多种重金属对雌性哺乳动物生殖系统的影响及其作用机制

摘要

ABSTRACT:With the rapid development of industrialization,the incidence of infertility has increased dramatically over recent years.Among the chemicals associated with adverse health outcomes,heavy metal pollution exerts serious effects on human health,especially reproductive health.The influences of heavy metals on reproductive system of female mammals are various and complex.Many heavy metals can cause endocrine disorders,disturb estrogen and progesterone levels and follicular development,exert direct toxic effect on germ cells,and even affect gene expression.In addition,the toxicity of heavy metals on embryos needs to be reckoned with. Therefore,the effects of heavy metals on reproductive system of female mammals have received extensive attention.The paper reviews the influences of lead,cadmium,mercury,arsenic and other heavy metals on reproductive system of female mammals and the possible mechanisms and summarizes the present problems and future concerns based on heavy metal pollution and human exposure studies at home and abroad.%近年来，随着工业化水平的上升，不孕症发病率亦有明显上升。在影响人体健康的众多化学物质中，重金属污染对人体健康造成的影响十分严重，尤其是生殖系统。重金属对雌性哺乳动物生殖系统的影响是多方面的、复杂的。许多重金属具有环境雌激素效应，可造成机体内分泌紊乱，影响体内雌激素、孕激素的水平，影响卵泡发育，对生殖细胞具有直接毒害作用，甚至可影响基因的表达。此外，重金属对胚胎的毒害作用亦不容小觑。因此，重金属对雌性哺乳动物生殖系统影响已引起了学者们的广泛关注。本文在回顾我国重金属污染与人类暴露的研究基础上，结合近年来国内外的研究情况，着重讨论铅、镉、汞、砷等重金属对雌性哺乳动物生殖系统的影响及可能的作用机制，并对存在的问题和今后的关注点进行总结。