中国经济高质量发展的现实困境与基本路径:文献综述

摘要

Since the reform and opening-up, the Chinese economy has maintained a rapid growth of 40 years and created a world-famous economic miracle.However, along with the rapid economic growth, the contradictions and problems of the long-term accumulation of the Chinese economy are also highlighted.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage.By combining the connotation of high-quality economic development, this paper summarizes the reality and dilemma of high-quality development of China's economy from the four dimensions of industry, innovation, opening-up and people's life.Firstly, in the process of high-quality development of industry, the industrial structure has been upgraded slowly.Overcapacity and zombie enterprises have existed for a long time.the level and efficiency of industrial innovation are low.Secondly, in the process of high quality development of innovation, there are the lack of basic core technological innovations, the low innovative conversion rate and cooperation efficiency.Thirdly, in the process of high quality development of opening-up, there are low quality of export products, unreasonable export structure and the dependence on importing foreign core technologies caused by domestic low level of innovation.Fourthly, in the process of high-quality development of people's lives, there are the deterioration of the ecological environment, the increasingly serious inequality of public services and the income gap between urban and rural areas.To this end, this paper holds that the basic paths of China's economic high-quality development are innovation-driven strategy, market-oriented reform, a new round of opening up and the improvement of people's life.%改革开放以来, 中国经济保持了40年的高速增长, 创造了举世瞩目的经济奇迹.然而, 伴随着经济高速增长, 中国经济长期积累的矛盾和问题也在凸显.党的十九大报告提出, 我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段.本文通过梳理经济高质量发展的内涵, 从产业、创新、对外开放和人民生活四个维度对中国经济高质量发展的现实与困境进行总结: (1) 在产业高质量发展过程中, 存在着产业结构升级缓慢、产能过剩和僵尸企业长期存在、产业创新水平低和效率低下以及产品长期处在价值链低端等现实困境; (2) 在创新高质量发展过程中, 存在着核心基础技术创新"空心化"、专利轻质重量以及创新转化率不高合作效率低等现实困境; (3) 在对外开放高质量发展过程中, 存在着出口产品质量低下、附加值不高, 出口结构以加工贸易为主, 创新水平低导致大量核心技术依赖进口等现实困境; (4) 在人民生活高质量发展过程中, 存在着生态环境恶化, 公共服务不均等化日益严重以及地区、城乡收入差距日益扩大等现实困境.为此, 本文认为中国经济高质量发展的基本路径为:以创新驱动作为推动经济高质量发展的第一动力, 以市场化改革作为推动经济高质量发展的主要抓手, 以新一轮对外开放作为推动经济高质量发展的重要手段, 以提高人民生活质量作为推动经济高质量发展的主要目标.