拱顶罐量油孔油气逸出及扩散数值模拟

摘要

In order to simulate numerically the process of oil vapor escape and diffusion from gauge hatch of dome roof tanks, the velocity of escape and the change of concentration of oil vapor under different pressure conditions inside the tank are emphatical⁃ly discussed via ANSYS software after its controlling equation set is drawn based on k⁃ε turbulence theory. It is found that the change of the pressure in the tank along with time coincide with the theoretical derivation;the velocity of escape is rather high as a result of positive pressure inside, and it reaches peak in 1 s or so;and the concentration of oil vapor is so high around the gauge hatch in 2 m range that the measures should be taken to lower the concentration, considering the safety, environmental protection and the health of personnel.%为了模拟拱顶罐量油孔油气逸出及逸出后的扩散过程，基于k⁃ε湍流理论建立了拱顶罐量油孔油气逸出扩散控制方程组，采用数值模拟方法重点讨论了不同罐内压力条件下油气逸出速度和量油孔附近油气浓度的变化。模拟结果表明：罐内压力随时间变化与已有理论推导结果吻合；由于罐内正压，油气逸出速度很大，并且均在1s左右达到峰值；在距离量油孔孔口2m范围内，油气浓度偏高，无论是从安全、环保还是从人员健康方面考虑，都应采取措施降低油气浓度。