The 3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium bromide were synthesixed by fatty alcohol and epichlorohydrin under a basic condition. Their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals were formed by double molecular layers, The whole structure is made up of cross linear alkyl chains, imidazolium headgroups, bromide ions. Their liquid crystal properties were investigated by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorime- try (DSC), which showed that the monohydrates formed thermotropic smectic liquid crystals.%用脂肪醇与环氯丙烷在碱性条件下合成了季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂．所得产品用X-射线单晶衍射法测定了晶体结构．该化合物采用双分子层结构，整个化舍物由交叉的线性烷基链、季胺阳离子和溴离子组成．用偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热（DSC）技术研究了其液晶行为，证明该化合物为近晶相热致液晶．
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