现代城乡分工的发展在推动社会转型的同时不可避免地造成社会结构的分裂，亦即城乡二元结构的形成。城乡二元结构的突出矛盾是工业城市本身的弊病和农村的落后与贫困。19世纪空想社会主义站在现代工业的立场上，探讨了如何克服工业城市弊病以及农业在现代资本和工商业的条件下如何发展的问题。其中涌现的城乡结合与农业现代化思想对于我们统筹城乡发展、避免城乡二元结构的问题，至今仍然具有启发意义。%The development of modern urban -rural labor division ,while promoting social transformation ,has inevitably led to the split of social structure ,that is ,the formation of urban-rural dual structure .Two prominent contradictions of urban-rural dual structure are the shortcomings of industrial city and the backwardness and poverty of the countryside .Three 19th-century utopian socialists ,from the perspective of modern industry ,probed into the questions of how to overcome the malpractice of industrial cities and how to develop agriculture under the condition of modern capital and businesses .Their ideas about city-countryside union and the modernization of agriculture are still illuminating for us today in terms of how to promote urbanization with the development of the countryside ,that is ,how to avoid the urban-rural dual structure problem during the process of urbanization .
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