侵华日军731部队与常德鼠疫及战争遗产研究

摘要

Japan was the only country in World War II to use chemical and biological weapons on the battlefield, while China was Japan's main target of aggression and has also become the biggest victim of Japanese germ warfare and poison gas warfare program. Japanese Unit 731 was an important institution of Japan to carry out bacterial cultures and human experiments in China, the cultured bacteria had its application all over our country, with Changde one of the victims to Japanese germ warfare. Bacterial development and use by Japanese Unit 731 is an indisputable fact. The use of chemical and biological weapons concerns postwar compensation and needs a rational and speculative study. And after World War II, competition of technologies of Japan and Germany by the former Soviet Union and the United States is an important manifestation of war heritage. In a sense, it has become one of the reasons the US-Soviet Cold War.%日本是二战中唯一在战场上使用生化武器的国家，中国则是日本的主要侵略对象，因此也成为日本细菌战和毒气战计划最大的受害国。日军731部队是日本在华开展细菌培养和人体实验的重要机构，其培养的细菌曾在我国各地应用，其中，常德是日军细菌战的受害地之一。日军731部队的细菌研制与使用，是无可争辩的事实。因使用生化武器所关涉的战后赔偿问题，需要理性和思辨的研究。而二战后，苏联与美国对日本与德国的技术争夺等问题，是战争遗产的一个重要体现，在某种意义上，也成为苏美冷战的原因之一。