A total of 18 cities and counties in Hainan from 2012 to 2015 were selected as the basic research units to construct an index system for evaluating the ability of sustainable development that includes four guidelines of economic development capacity, population development capacity, social support capacity, and resource utilization and environmental protection capacity. The improved entropy method was used to determine the weight, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TDPSIS) was used to calculate the capacity for sustainable development of the cities and counties and sort these cities and counties, and Arcgis10.2 was used to draw the provincewide distribution of the four guidelines. Thereupon, the author reached following conclusions: there was no big regional difference in the sustainable development capacity of cities and counties in Hainan, and they were basically in a general state of intermediate stage in the past four years; Haikou City and Sanya City, as the key cities, had a higher ability of sustainable development and had shown a remarkable capacity to drive the sustainable development of surrounding areas; according to the development level, the four guidelines were in the following order: resource utilization and environmental protection capacity, population development capacity, social support capacity, and economic development capacity.
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