中亚干旱区内陆湖泊的湖面变化反映了气候波动和人类活动对流域水文过程的影响.本文以中亚干旱区平原区尾闾湖泊、吞吐湖泊和高山湖泊三类典型内陆湖泊为研究对象,利用1975-2007年Landsat遥感影像,基于归一化水体指数提取湖泊水域边界信息,分析近30年来内陆湖泊湖面变化特征.结果表明,近30年来,研究区内有超过一半的内陆湖泊急剧萎缩,湖泊总面积从1975年的91402.06km2减小到2007年的46049.23km2,减小了49.62%.其中,平原区尾闾湖泊面积减小最为显著;吞吐湖泊主要受出口河流水资源利用方式不同,湖面变化较为复杂,既有扩张也有萎缩;高山湖泊主要受气候波动影响,水面变化相对稳定.在中亚区域气候变暖的背景下,不同类型湖泊面积的变化也反映出干旱区人类活动对区域水资源时空分配的影响.%Inland lakes are major surface water resource in arid regions of Central Asia, the area changes of these lakes were the results of climate changes and human activities.The paper aimed to discuss lake area changes and their mechanism with three different types of inland lakes in Central Asia.Firstly, four time period Landsat MSS/TM/ETM + imagerywere used to delineate water boundary information based on NDWI( Normalized Difference Water Index) threshold segmentation method, then lake area variations were analyzed from 1975 to 2007 and the mechanism of these changes were discussed with meteorological data and irrigation data.The results indicated that total surface area of the nine lakes had decreased continuously from 91402.06km2 to 46049.23km2 during 1975 -2007.The tail-end lakes in plain regions had shrunk dramatically as they were influenced by both climate changes and human activities.Due to the mild climate variations, the areas of alpine lakes remained relatively stable.Under varied human utilities of outflow river water resources, the area changes of opened lakes were much more complicated than those of the other two types.With the climate warming in Central Asia, the area changes of different types of inland lakes reflected that increased anthropogenic disturbances in arid regions had broken the balance of water resource in Central Asia.
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