语际语用迁移与语用发展——语用学视域下的“请求”言语行为研究述评

摘要

In the field of interlanguage pragmatics, researchers make attempts to discover and explain pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic characteristics in the use of interlanguage through cross-linguistic and cross-cultural contrastive analysis of learners＇ performance of speech acts. Research results indicate that not only learners of different languages and cultures but also learners with different linguistic levels have different senses to social variables and politeness strategies. Therefore, pragmatic transfer and pragmatic development are closely related to both learners＇ social psychological factors and learners＇ linguistic level. It further evidences that learners＇ pragmatic competence could always he approaching to native speakers＇ pragmatic competence.%在语际语语用学领域，人们试图通过对语言学习者言语行为的跨语言和跨文化对比分析，揭示语际语使用的语言语用和社会语用特征。文献研究显示不仅不同语言文化学习者对社会变量、礼貌策略的感知是不同的，而且不同认知能力即不同语言水平学习者对社会变量、礼貌策略的感知也不尽相同。由此可见，言语行为语用迁移与语用发展不仅与学习者的社会心理因素相关联，而且与学习者的认知水平息息相关。同时也说明，无论学习者语言水平发展到何等程度，学习者的语用能力都无法达到本族语者的语用能力水平。