略论《人物志》与“都官考课”

摘要

《人物志》的撰写与“都官考课”的制定，是刘卲一生的两大创造。“都官考课”的制定，是以理想中的汉代察举制度为蓝本的；而《人物志》所反映出的却是一种带有名士趣味的观人法则。两者旨趣的背反，与汉魏之际急剧变动的时代风气息息相关。%who’s who and Examination Method for Royal Officials (“Du guan kaoke”) are two big achievements by Liu Shao. The relationship between those two, however, lacks detailed analysis. This article puts forward that the enactment of Examination Method for Royal Officials takes the election system in Han Dynasty as the chief source, while who’s who shows the rule to observe people, which features the interesting way by persons of literary reputation. The difference in objective is closely linked to the social mores--dramatic changes in the Han and Wei Dynasties.