Effective resources allocation is the key issues of all economic activities. China has a short time in market economy reform, and it has not yet established a perfect market economic system, so market transparency, fairness and openness are far from satisfying. While the market determines the allocation of resources, the market economy countries around the world take different government intervention, including macroeconomic regulation and control and micro economic supervision. This paper analyzes the government's "position" and "achievement" in the socialist market economy, and put forward a series of countermeasures in straightening out the relationship between government and market.%有效地配置资源是所有经济活动中的关键问题。我国市场经济改革时间短，还未建立起完善的市场经济体制，市场的透明度、公平性以及开放性都不尽如人意。全球市场经济国家在市场决定资源配置的同时，普遍实行不同方式的政府干预，包括宏观经济调控和微观经济监督。本文分析了社会主义市场经济中政府的“位”和“为”，并就理顺市场与政府的关系提出了系列对策。
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