School of Iron and Steel;
Soochow University;
Suzhou 215021;
Jiangsu;
China;
School of Metallurgy;
Northeastern University;
Shenyang 110819;
Liaoning;
China;
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy;
Wuhan 430000;
Hubei;
China;
Electroslag; remelting; Titanium; control; Aluminum; control; Oxygen; control; Stainless; steel; Thermodynamic; analysis; Ion; and; molecule; coexistence; theory;