我国地方政府开放数据的核心元数据研究

摘要

Purpose/Significance] Open government data can encourage innovation and promote economic growth, but users finding, understanding and using open data canˊt depart from the support of high quality metadata. Learning from the advanced experiences of for-eign countries has a strong practical significance for metadata construction in Chinese local governments. [ Method/Process] This paper first introduces the W3C formal recommendation DCAT and metadata scheme of the New York state, then on the basis of investigating and analyzing open data metadata scheme in Chinese local governments, designs dataset and data resources core metadata scheme based on DCAT description, finally a XML/RDF metadata instance of"Public library" dataset of Beijing is given. [ Result/Conclusion] This work shows that based on international DCAT standard and XML / RDF format, designing core metadata scheme can improve the quality of metadata in standardization and machine readable format, and promote the interoperability between local governments data catalogs, and lay the foundation for further development of metadata in specialized areas, such as geographic data.%[目的/意义]开放政府数据能够激励创新、促进经济增长，但用户发现、理解和使用开放数据离不开高质量的元数据的支持。借鉴和参考国际先进经验，构建我国地方政府开放数据的元数据方案具有较强的现实意义。[方法/过程]首先介绍W3C的正式推荐标准DCAT和美国纽约州的元数据方案，然后在调查和分析我国地方政府开放数据元数据的基础上，设计基于DCAT的描述数据集和数据资源的核心元数据方案，最后给出北京市“公益性图书馆”数据集的XML/RDF格式的元数据实例。[结果/结论]结果表明，基于国际通用的DCAT标准和XML/RDF编码格式设计核心元数据方案，能在规范化、标准化和机器可读等方面改善元数据的质量，促进地方政府数据目录间的互操作，并为进一步开发专门领域(如地理数据)的元数据打下基础。