Comparison of forage yield, silage fermentative quality, anthocyanin stability, antioxidant activity, and in vitro rumen fermentation of anthocyanin-rich purple corn (Zea mays L.) stover and sticky corn stover

TIAN Xing-zhou; Pramote Paengkoum; Siwaporn Paengkoum; Sorasak Thongpea; BAN Chao

摘要

The objective of this study was to observe the forage yield, silage fermentative quality, anthocyanin stability, and antioxidant activity during the storage period and in vitro rumen fermentation of anthocyanin-rich purple corn (Zea mays L.) stover (PS) and sticky corn stover (SS). Forage yield of corn stover was weighed and ensiled with two treatments: (1) hybrid sticky waxy corn stover (control), and (2) hybrid purple waxy corn stover (treatment). Samples were stored in mini-silos for periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 42, 63, 84, and 105 d. The results showed that PS had significantly higher (P<0.05) yields of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total anthocyanins than that of the SS. Anthocyanin-rich purple corn stover silage (PSS) showed higher (P<0.05) levels of DM and CP relative to the sticky corn stover silage (SSS). Although anthocyanin-rich PSS displayed a lower (P<0.05) level of pelargonidin-3-glucoside (P3G), it had higher (P<0.05) levels of peonidin (Peo) and pelargonidin (Pel) compared to the control. Delphinidin (Del) and malvidin (Mal) were not detected in SSS during the ensilage period; in PSS, Del was no longer detected after 7 d of ensilage. Specifically, total anthocyanins in anthocyanin-rich PSS decreased rapidly (P<0.05) prior to 7 d of ensilage, and then remained at relatively stable (P>0.05) constants. Compared to the anthocyanin-rich PSS, SSS displayed significantly higher (P<0.05) pH value and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content. Propionic acid (PA) at 0 d and butyric acid (BA) during the entire study period were not detected, whereas anthocyanin-rich PSS showed a higher (P<0.05) level of lactic acid (LA) than that of the SSS. Compared with the SSS extract, anthocyanin-rich PSS extract showed a higher (P<0.05) level of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and displayed a lower (P<0.05) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Moreover, anthocyanin-rich PSS reduced (P<0.05) gas production (GP), and displayed lower levels of immediately soluble fraction and ratio of acetic acid (AA) to PA at 12 h, but the other parameters were unaffected (P>0.05) relative to the control. Taken together, the results indicated that: (1) anthocyanins could be stable in silage; (2) anthocyanin-rich PSS showed better silage fermentative quality and stronger antioxidant activity; and (3) anthocyanin-rich PSS had no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters.

机译：这项研究的目的是观察富含花青素的紫色玉米（Zea mays L.）秸秆（PS）和粘玉米在贮藏期间和体外瘤胃发酵过程中的草料产量，青贮饲料发酵质量，花色苷稳定性和抗氧化活性秸秆（SS）。称量玉米秸秆的草料产量，并用两种处理进行青贮：（1）混合粘糯糯玉米秸秆（对照）和（2）混合紫色糯糯玉米秸秆（处理）。将样品存储在微型料仓中0、7、14、21、42、63、84和105 d。结果表明，PS的干物质（DM），有机物质（OM），总能量（GE），粗蛋白（CP），中性洗涤剂纤维（NDF），酸性洗涤剂纤维（P <0.05）的产率显着较高（P <0.05） ADF）和总花色苷高于SS。富含花青素的紫色玉米秸秆青贮饲料（PSS）相对于粘性玉米秸秆青贮饲料（SSS）显示较高（P <0.05）的DM和CP水平。尽管富含花青素的PSS显示的pelargonidin-3-glucoside（P3G）含量较低（P <0.05），但与对照组相比，peonidin（Peo）和pelargonidin（Pel）的含量较高（P <0.05）。在青贮期间未在SSS中检测到Delphinidin（Del）和malvidin（Mal）;在PSS中，青贮7天后不再检测到Del。具体来说，富含花青素的PSS中的总花青素在青贮7 d之前迅速下降（P <0.05），然后保持相对稳定（P> 0.05）的常数。与富含花青素的PSS相比，SSS的pH值和氨氮（NH3-N）含量明显更高（P <0.05）。在整个研究期间未检测到0 d时的丙酸（PA）和丁酸（BA），而富含花青素的PSS的乳酸（LA）水平高于SSS（P <0.05）。与SSS提取物相比，富含花青素的PSS提取物具有较高的（P <0.05）水平的2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶并肼基（DPPH）清除活性，并且具有较低的（P <0.05）半最大抑制浓度（IC50））值。此外，富含花青素的PSS降低了（P <0.05）产气量（GP），并且在12 h时显示出较低的立即可溶级分和乙酸（AA）与PA的比例，但其他参数未受影响（P> 0.05 ）相对于控件。两者合计，结果表明：（1）花青素在青贮饲料中是稳定的; （2）富含花青素的PSS具有更好的青贮发酵质量和更强的抗氧化活性。（3）富含花青素的PSS对瘤胃发酵参数没有负面影响。

Comparison of forage yield, silage fermentative quality, anthocyanin stability, antioxidant activity, and in vitro rumen fermentation of anthocyanin-rich purple corn (Zea mays L.) stover and sticky corn stover

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