太行山前平原冬小麦优化灌溉制度的研究

摘要

本文根据4年的连续试验，研究了冬小麦不同生育时期水分亏缺及其亏缺程度对其产量影响和不同灌水次数、灌水时间对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响，确定了冬小麦不同生育时期土壤水分下限指标，建立了优化的冬小麦灌溉制度.太行山山前平原高产区冬小麦常年灌溉次数在3～4水，如果实施优化灌溉制度，干旱年灌三水、平水年灌两水、湿润年灌1水，灌水定额60mm，可减少生育期灌水次数1～2次，冬小麦产量提高7%～10%，水分生产效率提高11%～24%，这对减缓本区地下水位的下降有重要意义.%Results from four years' field experiments show that water deficit and deficit degree during different growing stages of winter wheat greatly affects its grain yield production and water use efficiency.Optimum irrigation scheduling can be set up based on the required soil water contents and the lower limit of soil moisture for different growing stages.Generally,in the piedmont of Mt.Taihang 3-4 applications of surface irrigation is needed for winter wheat each season.While by applying the optimized irrigation schedule,one application during wet years,two in normal years and three in dry years will achieve maximum yield and water use efficiency.Grain yield increases by 7%-11% and WUE by 11%-24%.This amount of water saving is very important to this region.