结构的生产：行动的预料之事和意外后果

摘要

从行动者的主观目的和行动的客观后果出发，在描绘行动的两种性质———理性和意外性，并按照帕森斯的分法对结构的内部变化和外在变迁作出区分的基础上提出，结构生产的含义是指结构的外在变迁。从行动的这两种性质出发，分别阐述了意外后果和理性冲突对结构生产的影响，意外性和理性共同组成和解释了社会变迁的原因。%From the perspective of the actor's subjective aims and action's objective consequences,this paper attempts to describe the two properties of action - action out of rationality and accident.Accord-ing to Parsons,this paper also distinguishes the internal structural changes from external changes.The author of this paper holds the view that the meaning of structure production is the external structural changes.The effect on action,respectively from unintended consequences and rational conflicts,are also described in this paper.It can't be denied that action out of accident and rationality coexist in the process of social changes and both of them are the reasons for social changes.