通过对神农架林区境内四大水系主要河流的河谷形态、水位、流速、降水量、径流量、水质等方面的测量与统计,分析林区四大水系主要河流的水文特征.研究表明:神农架林区境内河流属于高山河流,河流下切强烈,多呈“V”字型狭谷,河宽一般3～10 m,河流河谷具有明显幼年期特征.采用单因子指数法分析评价了35条代表性河流水质,以Ⅲ、Ⅳ类水质为主,分别占总调查河流的29％和43％,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质分别占调查河流的3％和11％.各河流水质受单一因子影响十分明显.总体来看,林区河流多数河段受人类活动影响,不同程度地受到了生活污水、工业废水的污染.%The hydrological characteristics of four main rivers in Shennongjia forest region were elucidated through several aspects including valley form, water level, velocity, precipitation, run-off, and water quality. The results showed that the rivers within Shennongjia forest region were of mountain rivers, which incise intensely and always present valleys of "V" form. The river width ranges from 3 to 10 m. The valleys had clear characteristics of infancy. Water quality of 35 typical rivers was also investigated using single factor index. The Ⅲ and Ⅳ level of water quality were the most common, accounting for 29% and 43% of all rivers studied, respectively. In contrast, only 3% and 11% of the rivers were of quality level Ⅰ and Ⅱ . The water quality was heavily affected by single factors. Overall, most river segments in the forest region were largely affected by human activities, such as domestic sewage and industrial waste.
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