在经典物理学框架下论述了左手超材料的起源、分类和特性应用。左手超材料研究凭借日新月异的材料制备技术获得了长足的发展，目前已涵盖谐振贴片型、传输线集成型、薄膜层合型、颗粒复合型和渔网型等五大类别。负折射率是左手超材料最核心的特异属性，并衍生出负折射、超分辨率成像和光子隧穿效应等电磁场超特性；而左手超材料的后向波传播特性则主导了逆多普勒效应、逆切伦科夫辐射以及反常古斯—汉森位移等奇特波现象；此外，左手超材料胞元结构还具有重要的亚波长电磁响应特性。左手超材料在诸如成像、隐身、雷达、天线、传感器等领域具有非常重要的应用潜力。%The origin, classifications, novel features and their applications of the left-handed metamate⁃rial were reviewed in the framework of classical physics. Left-handed metamaterials have developed by leaps and bounds along with the ever-changing material preparation technology. Now‘Resonant Patch-typed’,‘Transmission Line-lumped’,‘Thin Film-laminated’,‘Granular-composited’and‘Fishing-net’are five main types of left-handed metamaterials. Negative refractive index is the core character of left-handed metamaterials; and it generates super electromagnetic properties such as negative refrac⁃tion, super-resolution imaging, photonic tunneling;while the reversed Doppler effect, reversed Ceren⁃kov radiation and abnormal Goos-Haenchen displacement are derived from the backward-wave charac⁃ter of left-handed metamaterials. In addition, sub-wavelength transmission is an important character of left-handed metamaterial cells. Due to the above-mentioned properties, left-handed metamaterials have important potential applications in imaging, invisibility, radar, antennas, sensors, etc.
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