西方现代社会德性思想的分歧及其启示

摘要

西方现代思想家研究了许多社会德性方面的问题，在社会的首要价值是自由还是基于自由的公正、共同体的价值高于个人的价值还是相反、对“代议制”民主加以完善还是以“参与制”民主取而代之、法律是否要以道德为基础、道德重在个人的德性品质还是社会的规范、社会应奠基于理性之上抑或非理性之上等问题上存在着重大分歧。西方现代社会德性思想也有一些共同特点和局限，但它是人类思想宝库中极其重要的组成部分，有其独特的价值和优势，无论对现代西方社会还是对现代国际社会都具有重大意义。%Western Modern thinkers studied many aspects of social morality,and there were significant differences between the issueson whether the primary value of society was freedom or the fairness that based on freedom,whether the value of communities higher than the value of the individual or vice versa,whether the“representative System”democracy to be perfect or “participatory system”democracy instead,whether the law should take the moral basis of moral weight in the moral quality of the individual or social norms,and whether communities grounded on rational or non -rationality.Modern western social moral thoughts have some common features of limitations,but they are very important parts of treasure of human thoughts,and have their unique value and advantages.Also,they have great significance for both modern western society and modern international society.