超越悲剧的哲思——《老人与海》中的生态意识

摘要

《老人与海》标志着海明威悲剧艺术的巅峰。小说既融合了悲剧的精神理念，又蕴含了喜剧性的生态智慧，集中体现了作者对待自然矛盾复杂的态度。在彰显了人类精神力量之伟大的同时，小说也反映了作者的生态整体意识和对悲剧个人主义的反思。小说反高潮的结局颠覆了西方悲剧思维模式，将征服自然的英雄神话转化为警示现代生态危机的寓言。%The Old Man and the Sea marks the apex of Hemingway＇s tragic art. Hemingway＇s ambivalence toward nature finds its profound expression in the novella that integrates both tragic and comic views on nature. While celebrating man＇s great spiritual strength, the novella reflects Hemingway＇s ecological bolism and his introspection on tragic individualism. The anti-climax ending subverts the western tragic thinking mode, transforming a myth of conquest of nature into a fable of modem ecological crisis.