不同提苗措施对烤烟大田生长及品质的影响

摘要

In order to improve the quality and production of tobacco,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different promoting seedling measures on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco through pouring the tobacco roots by the solution of Ti (KH2PO4 15 kg/ha,CuSO4 7.5 kg/ha,NH4NO3 and NH4H2PO4 60 kg/ha) or T2(NH4NO3 and NH4H2PO4 60 kg/ha) dissolved into 7 500 kg/ha of water within 5 — 7 days after tobacco was transplanted. The results showed that there was a significant effect of two promoting seedling measures on the growth of flue-cured tobacco. Compared with CK, the promoting seedling measures could promote the growth of aboveground part and underground part of the tobacco plant, and adjust the C and N metabolic balance of tobacco growth. The biggest leaf length and width,plant height,stem girth, pitch and leaf number were increased obviously, especially under the Ti treatment. By analyzing the intrinsic chemical composition and comprehensive quality of flue-cured tobacco, the chemical composition was coordinate significantly compared with CK. The total sugar content, reducing sugar content,K content and Cl content of middle leaf under two separate treatments of Ti and T2 increased 3. 42 and 2. 04 percentage points,3. 58 and 2. 75 percentage points,0. 27 and 0. 11 percentage points,0. 07 and 0. 03 percentage points,respectively,The contents of starch,total nitrogen and nicotine of middle leaf were reduced by 0. 76 and 0. 50 percentage points,0. 11 and 0. 04 percentage points,0. 14 and 0. 09 percentage points,respectively. The two measures could promote the early growth and quick tiller of tobacco plants,and improve the quality of tobacco leaves,especially the T1 treatment.%为提高烤烟的产质量,通过大田试验研究了不同提苗措施(T1:磷酸二氢钾15 kg/hm2、硫酸铜7.5 kg/hm2、硝铵磷60 kg/hm2;T2:硝铵磷60 kg/hm2.T1、T2均对水7500 kg/hm2溶解,在移栽后5～7 d灌根施用)对烤烟大田生长及烤后烟叶质量的影响.结果表明,施用提苗肥对烟株移栽初期及整个大田期生长均有明显的效应.与不施用提苗肥(CK)相比,不同提苗措施均能促进烟株地上、地下部分旺盛生长,同时能够调节烟株正常生长的C、N代谢平衡.与CK相比,2个提苗肥处理最大叶长、最大叶宽、株高、茎围、节距、有效叶数均明显增加,其中T1处理的增加效果好于T2;从烤后烟的内在化学成分和综合品质来看,T1、T2处理的烟叶内在化学成分明显协调,与CK相比,其中部叶总糖、还原糖、钾、氯含量分别增加3.42、2.04个百分点,3.58、2.75个百分点,0.27、0.11个百分点,0.07、0.03个百分点,淀粉、总氮、烟碱含量分别降低0.76、0.50个百分点,0.11、0.04个百分点,0.14、0.09个百分点.2种提苗措施均能促进烟株早生快发,并改善烟叶品质,尤以T1处理效果最好.