基于表型和基因型的聚类分析,从不同类群中筛选到18份河南省特异玉米地方品种,对其进行产量相关性状的配合力分析.结果表明,地方品种一般配合力对其产量性状作用较大,一般配合力(GCA)较高的是老人牙、红胡玉和朝鲜白马牙,其效应分别为29.93、13.65和9.94;产量的特殊配合力(SCA)较高的分别是黄早四×本地白玉米、掖478×白盖玉米、黄早四×老人牙、掖478×踏坑白、黄早四×混选一号和黄早四×红胡玉,其效应分别为15.62、14.36、13.03、12.88、9.33和8.59.在所有杂交组合中,黄早四×老人牙的产量最高,而掖478×踏坑白和掖478×白盖玉米组合次之,其平均单株产量分别为182 g、170 g和168 g,这3个组合可作为潜势组合进一步试验.因此,在从地方品种中选育自交系作亲本时,应重点选择一般配合力高的地方品种,同时,结合特殊配合力测定,才能得到产量优异玉米杂交组合.%Eighteen excellent maize landraces of Henan province were selected from different genetic groups based on phenotype and genotype cluster analysis. Analysis of combining ability on yield and its related traits indicated that the effect of general combining ability (GCA) on yield was greater than that of special combining ability (SCA). Three maize landraces with higher GCA, Laorenya, Honghuyu and Chaoxianbaimayat, were selected. Their effect values were 29. 93, 13. 65 and 9. 94. Six maize cross combinations with higher SCA were selected, which were Huang-zaosi X Bendibaiyumi, Ye478 X Baigaiyumi, Huangzaosi X Laorenya, Ye478 X Takengbai, Huangzao-siX Hunxuanyihao and Huangzaosi X Honghuyu. Their effect values were 15. 62,14. 36,13. 03, 12.88,9.33 and 8.59. Among the cross combinations, Huangzaosi X Laorenya had the highest yield, followed by Ye478 X Takengbai and Ye478 X Baigaiyumi. Their average yields per plant were 182 g?170 g and 168 g. These three cross combinations could be further tested as potent al combinations. Thus,when selecting good inbred lines from landraces breeders should pay more attention to the landraces with higher GCA and also good SCA, thereby having the big chance to get the cross combinations with high yield potential.
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