太阳能杀虫灯和诱虫黄板绿色防控技术在烟草生产上的应用效果

摘要

为对烟草病虫害绿色防控技术中太阳能杀虫灯及诱虫黄板的推广应用提供理论指导,于2014年在汝阳县开展了大面积示范试验,研究其杀虫防病效果。结果表明,太阳能杀虫灯布控42 d能诱杀鳞翅目、鞘翅目、直翅目等多种害虫,并且以鳞翅目和鞘翅目为主,各占诱杀害虫总量的43.47%和51.11%；单灯共计诱杀害虫4558头/台,日均诱杀害虫109头/(台·d),但对天敌昆虫危害小,单灯共计诱杀天敌昆虫16头/台,益害比为1∶284.88；田间成虫量调查结果显示,灯控区烟青虫和斜纹夜蛾的成虫量较无灯区分别下降了57.14%、62.50%。诱虫黄板使用30 d,单张单面黄板共计诱蚜6633头,日均诱蚜221.10头/d,30 d有翅蚜虫口减退率和病毒病防效分别达73.28%和68.78%。说明太阳能杀虫灯和诱虫黄板绿色防控技术联用能有效防治烟田主要病虫害,适合在烟草生产中推广应用。%In order to provide theoretical guidance for widespread use of the green prevention and control technology of solar insecticidal lamp and yellow template in tobacco production, the large area demonstration trials were developed to study their control effects on pests and diseases in Ruyang county in 2014. The results showed that the solar insecticidal lamps could trap many species of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Orthoptera,etc. in 42 days,in which lepidopteron and coleopteron accounted for 43. 47%and 51. 11%,respectively. The total quantity of pests captured by a single lamp was 4 558 during the experiment and the daily average number was 109. Furthermore, the lamps had less effect on natural enemies,and the total quantity of natural enemies trapped by one lamp was 16. The beneficial insect and injurious insect rate was 1∶284 . 88 . The adult amounts of oriental tobacco budworm and Spodoptera litura of the lamp treatment reduced by 57. 14% and 62. 50% respectively compared with the control in field. The quantity of aphids trapped by per side of one yellow template in 30 days was 6 633 and the daily average number was 221 . 10 . The aphid population falling rate after 30 days and the control effect on tobacco virus disease were respectively 73 . 28% and 68 . 78%. So the green prevention and control technology of solar insecticidal lamp and yellow template could effectively control main diseases and pests on tobacco,and was suitable for popularization and application in tobacco production.