当前的水污染生态足迹模型存在较大不足:明显低估水污染程度;水资源均衡因子值可靠性不高;水资源产量因子多余;无法区分水环境承载力与水资源承载力.为此,我们对原模型进行了如下改进:从点源和面源角度核算排放到水体的多种污染物;弃用均衡因子和产量因子;单独核算水环境承载力.接下来以2008-2013年的广西北部湾经济区为例进行了计算与分析.计算所需的数据来自相应年份的广西水资源公报、广西统计年鉴、广西环保厅内部资料.核算结果表明:(1)经济区及其各市均为氮污染水生态足迹最大,磷污染水生态足迹次之,有机物污染水生态足迹最小.该地区有机物污染足迹呈下降趋势,2008-2010年最大驱动因子为工业账户,2011-2013年则为城镇生活账户;氮/磷污染足迹总体表现为上升,其最大影响因子来自畜禽养殖账户.各市3种水污染生态足迹大小排序不一致,其变化趋势也各异.(2)经济区水环境承载力先降后升,总体略呈上升趋势;内部非常不平衡,其中,防城港市该值很大,其他3市则较小.(3)基于水环境生态盈亏和水环境生态压力指数,经济区水环境安全度较差;内部差异显著,其中,防城港市很好,钦州市和北海市较差,南宁市很差.最后,提出了改善该地区水环境状况的建议,同时指出了改进模型的优点及有待进一步研究的几个问题.%The current water pollution ecological footprint model had a big problem.Thus, this papershows an improved model, and takes the Guangxi North Gulf Economic Zone in 2008-2013 as an example for calculation and analysis.The result showed that: (1) The ecological footprint of the economic zone and its cities were mostly polluted by nitrogen, and the secondly by phosphorus, and organic pollutants were the least.The organic pollution footprint decreased, and the nitrogen/phosphorus pollution footprint showed increase trend.In these cities, the size of the 3 kinds of water pollution ecological footprint did not show consistency, and theirchange trends were also varied.(2) The water environment carrying capacity of the economic zone first dropped and then rose, and overall showed upward slight trends.Its interior was very unbalance, and the water environment carrying capacity of Fangchenggang city was high, but the other 3 cities were very low.(3) Based on water environment ecological surplus/deficit and water environment ecological pressure index, water environment security of the economic zone was poor, but there are significant differences in water environment security among different cities.Water environment security in Fangchenggang city is good, but water environment security in Qinzhou city and Beihai city are worse than that in Fangchenggang city, and the Nanning city is the worst.
展开▼
