清代察哈尔都统职任考略

摘要

清廷移察哈尔部游牧于宣府、大同边外地，壩内壩外分置农田牧厂，呈民族杂居之局面。作为控制西北的重镇，察哈尔布有重兵，台站林立，非高官无以治之。清乾隆二十六年，政府设察哈尔都统，统率八旗驻防官兵，管理察哈尔游牧，同时署理张家口理事同知。都统之设立，既可发挥震慑要塞之功，又达到维稳地方之效，是察地设省前的重要一步。对察哈尔都统的考察，是分析地方省治建设轨迹的一把钥匙和重要内容。%In the Qing Dynasty,the Chahar Tribe was stationed in Xuanhua and Datong where there was vast cropland and pasture,and many peoples coexisted.As a place of strategic importance,there were stationed massive forces in Chahar,which needed a top official to govern it.In the 26th year of Qianlong, the Chahar Dutong (the top military-political officer)was established,who was in charge of army,nomadic affairs and part of people’s livelihood.Its establishment became one important step to founding a province. The research in this field is a key to and important content of analyzing the construction of provincial ad-ministration.