谷子新品种长农38号高产高效栽培技术组装配套研究

摘要

Strengthening the research and popularization of new varieties and techniques, and improving the scale and intensive production could promote the millet industry development. Changnong No. 38 was a new millet variety bred by the Millet Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences with tile characteristics of high qualtiy, high yield, multi-resistance and middle-late mature, which was suitable for planting in spring millet areas of the northwest China. To accelerate the application of Changnong No. 38, and achieve fine seed and fine method matching generalization, the effects of sowing date, density, sowing rate, chemical control and fertilization on the yield were studied by using the split plot design and randomized block design from 2010 to 2011. The results showed that the yield could be increased and the quality could be improved with sowing on May 5 - 15, 11.25 kg/hm2 of sowing rate, 40% matched chemical control and thinning technology, 375 000 -450 000 plants/hm2 of density, 15 000 -30 000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer and 300 kg/hm2 nitrate phosphorus in Shanxi. Combining with actual production condition such as rotation and two crops within one year, screening and integrating each single cultivation technique, the high yield and high efficiency cultivation techniques were developed for different ecology conditions in Shanxi, which could be provide reference for the popularization of Changnong No. 38 in large area.%加强谷子新品种新技术的研究与推广,提高谷子规模化、集约化生产水平,是促进谷子产业发展的有效途径。长农38号是山西省农业科学院谷子研究所选育的,适合西北春谷生态区种植的优质、高产、多抗型中晚熟谷子新品种。为了加速长农38号的推广应用,做到良种良法配套推广,2010～2011在山西省农业科学院谷子研究所和襄垣县王村镇韩家沟村,采用裂区设计和随机区组设计,研究了不同播期与密度处理、不同播量与化控处理、不同施肥处理对不同立地条件下长农38号产量的影响。结果表明：在山西地区,长农38号适宜播期为5月5～15日,可采用播量11.25 kg/hm2＋40%MND的化控间苗技术,适宜密度为37.5万～45.0万株/hm2,适宜施肥量为有机肥（农家肥）（1.5万～3.0万）kg/hm2＋硝酸磷300 kg/hm2,这样在提高产量的同时,还可以改善谷子品质。最后结合倒茬、1 a两作等生产实际对各单项栽培技术进行了筛选和优化集成,制定了长农38号在山西省不同生态条件下的高产高效配套栽培技术模式,可为长农38号的大面积推广应用提供技术指导。